The Rivalry Between Secular and Religious Nationalisms: On the Split in Iranian National Identity

Abstract Nationalism remains a compelling ideological force and is the most important marker of collective identity in modern times. It inspires idea nation by forging strong bonds solidarity through invocation pre-existing ethnic, cultural or religious loyalties. Recurrent political conflicts Iran have often been driven nationalist ideologies. This chapter demonstrates central role rivalry between secular nationalisms shaping Iran’s national identity. The interplay these two country has left torn modernity tradition for more than century. Rather clear break, however, what distinguishes persuasions are differences degree overtones respectively: nationalists drawn on underlying support, while blatantly stances had to adjust themselves demands state. Both tended conceal real diversity interests, but thus far they failed build an inclusive secure Iran, leading instability crisis.